Suggested Reading
Bibliography Updated: January, 1997
Adde, Nick and Leon Coates, "From the 'Buffalo Soldier' to the Astronaut," Air Force Times, 44 (Feb. 27, 1984), 35-36.
Adler, Bill, comp., The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam. New York, NY: Morrow, 1971.
Amos, Preston E., Above and Beyond in the West: Black Medal of Hornor Winners 1807- 1890. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Corral, The Westerners, 1974.
Athearn, Robert C., William Tecumseh Sherman and the Settlement of the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Bailey, Sedell, "Buffalo Soldiers (Black Troops of the 9th and 10th Cavalries)," Armor, LXXXIII (January/February, 1974), 9-12.
Ballinger, James K., Frederic Remington's Southwest. Phoenix, Arizona: Phoenix Art Museum, 1992.
Branley, Bill, "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West," Soldiers, 47 (June 1981), 44-48.
Barr, Aluyn, Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas 1528-1971. Austin: Jenkins Publishing Co., 1973.
Barrow, William, "The Buffalo Soldiers: The Negro Cavalry in the West, 1866-1891," Black World, XVI (July, 1967), 34-37, 89.
Beck, Warren A., New Mexico: A History of Four Centuries. 4 vols. New York: Thomas Yoselof, Inc., 1956.
Berlin, Ira, ed., The Black Military Experience. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Berthrong, Donald J., The Southern Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Beyer, Walter F., and Oscar F. Keydel, eds., Deeds of Valor. Detroit: Perrien-Keydel Co., 1903.
Billington, Monroe Lee, "Black Cavalrymen and Apache Indians," Fort Concho and South Plains Journal, XXII, 3(Summer 1990).
"Civilians and Black Soldiers in New Mexico Territory, 1866-1900: A Cross-Cultural Experience," Military History of the Southwest, XIX, 1(1989), 71-82.
New Mexico's Buffalo Soldiers, 1866-1900, University of Colorado Press, 1991.
Blount, Bertha, "The Apache in the Southwest, 1846-1886," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXIII, 1, (July, 1919).
Bourke, John G., An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886.
Brady, Cyrus T., Indian Fights and Fighters. New York: McClure, Phillips and Co., 1904.
Branley, Bill, "Black, White & Red: A Story of Black Cavalrymen in the West," Soldiers, XXXVI (June, 1981), 46-48.
Brown, D. Alexander, Grierson's Raid. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1954.
Brown, Mark D., "The Negro in the Indian Wars," Negro History Bulletin, XIV(March, 1951), 142, 144.
Burkey, Elmer R., "The Thornburgh Battle With The Utes On Milk Creek," The Colorado Magazine, XIII, 3 (1936).
Butler, Ron, "The Buffalo Soldier, A Shining Light In The Military History of The American West," Arizona Highways, (March, 1972), 2-10.
Cahill, Luke, "An Indian Campaign and Buffalo Hunting with 'Buffalo Bill,'" The Colorado Magazine, IV, 4 (August, 1927).
Campbell, C.E., "Down Among the Red Men," Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XVII (Topeka, 1929).
Carlson, Paul H., "William R. Shafter, Black Troops, and The Opening of the Llano Estacado, 1870-1875,"
Panhandle-Plains Historical Review, XLVII (1974), 1-18.
Carroll, H. Bailery, "Nolan's Lost Nigger Expedition of 1877," Southwest Historical Quarterly, XLIV (July, 1940).
Carroll, John M., The Black Military Experience in the American West. New York: Liveright, 1972.Buffalo Soldiers West. Fort Collins: The Old Army Press, 1971.
Carter, Robert B., On the Border With Mackenzie, Washington, D.C.: Eynon Printing Co., 1935.
Casey, Robert J., The Texas Border and Some Borderliners. New York: Bobs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1950.
Cashin, Herschel V., Under Fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry. New York: Arno Press, 1969.et al. Under Fire with the Tenth Cavalry. Review of the Negro's Participation in the Wars of the United States. The Ninth and Tenth Cavalries. Indian Campaigns. Chicago: American Publishing House, 1899.
Ceco Publishing Co., Buffalo Soldiers. Friends Series, Vol. 29, No. 9. Southfield, MI, 1972.
Clarke, Powhatan, "A Hot Trail," The Cosmoplitan, XVII, 6 (Oct., 1894), 706-716.
Clum, John P., "Geronimo," New Mexico Historical Review, II, 3 (Janurary, 1928); III, 2 (April, 1928); III, 3 (July 1928).
Clum, Woodworth, Apache Agent. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1936.
Coffman, Edward M., "Army Life on the Frontier, 1865-1898," Military Affairs, XX (Winter, 1956), 193-201.
Coleman, Ronald G., "The Buffalo Soldiers: Guardians of the Uintah Frontier 1886-1901," Utah Historical Quarterly, XLVII,4 (1979), 421-439.
Cook, John R., The Border and the Buffalo. Topeka, Kansas: Crane and Co., 1907.
Cornish, Dudley Taylor, The Sable Arm; Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861 - 1865. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1987.
Cox, Clinton, The Forgotten Heroes; the Story of the Buffalo Soldiers. New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 1993.
Cullum, George W., Biographical Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, 1802-1867. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1868.
Custer, Elizabeth B., Following the Guidon. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1890.Tenting on the Plains. New York: C.L. Webster and Co., 1887.
Crawford, Samuel J., Kansas in the Sixties. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co., 1911.
Crimmins, Colonel M.L., "Shafter's Explorations In West Texas," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, IX (October, 1933).
"Captain Nolan's Lost Troop On The Staked Plains," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
"Fort McKavett, Texas," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII,1 (July, 1934).
David, Fay and Crane, Elaine, eds., The Black Soldier: From the American Revolution to Vietnam. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1971.
Davis, Britton. The Truth About Geronimo. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929.
Davis, Theodore R., "A Summer on the Plains," Harper's Monthly Magazine, XXXVI (February, 1868).
Davison, Michael S., "The Negro as Fighting Man," Crisis, LXXVI, 2 (1969), 67-71.
Day, James M., and Dorman Winfrey, eds., Texas Indian Papers, 1860-1916. 4 vols. Austin: Texas State Library, 1961.
Dobak, William A., "Black Regulars Speak," Panhandle-Plains Historical Review, XLVII (1974), 19-27.
Donaldson, Gary, The History of African-Americans in the Military. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Co., 1991
Doran, Thomas F., "Kansas Sixty Years Ago," Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XV (Topeka, 1923).Dorst, Captain Joseph, "Ranald Slidell Mackenzie," Cavalry Journal, X (December, 1897).
Downey, Fairfax, The Buffalo Soldiers in the Indian Wars. New York: McGraw Hill, 1969 __________, Indian Fighting Army. New York: 1941.
Dunlay, Thomas W., Wolves for the #0000FF Soldiers: Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.
Dunn, J.P., Jr., Massacres of the Mountains. New York: Archer House, Inc., 1886.
Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N., Military Heritage of America. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1956.
Eastman, Elaine G., Pratt, the Red Man's Moses. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1935.
Emmett, Chris, Fort Union and the Winning of the Southwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Emmitt, Robert, The Last War Trail: The Utes and the Settlement of Colorado. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
Flipper, Henry O., Negro Frontiersman. El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
The Western Memoirs of Henry O. Flipper 1878-1916. El Paso: Texas Western College Press, 1963.
Foner, Jack D., Blacks and the Military in American History. New York: Praeger, 1974.
Foreman, Grant, Fort Gibson: A Brief History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1936.
Forsyth, George A., "A Frontier Fight," Harper's Monthly Magazine, XCI (June, 1895).
Fowler, Arlen L., The Black Infartry in the West, 1869-1891. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub. Corp., 1971.
Frazer, Robert W., Forts of the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Ganoe, William A., The History of the United States Army. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924.
Gard, Wayne, Frontier Justice. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1949.
Garfield, Marvin, "Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1864-1865," The Kansas Historical Quarterly, I, 2 (February, 1932).
"Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1866-1867," The Kansas Historical Quarterly, I, 4 (August, 1932).
"Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1868-1869," The Kansas Historical Quarterly, I, 5 (November, 1932).
Garret, Pat F., The Authentic Life of Billy the Kid. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.
Gibson, A.M., The Kickapoos. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Gibson, Joe A., Forts and Treasure Trails of West Texas. San Angelo: Educator, 1969.
Glass, Edward L.N., ed., History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1866-1921. Ft. Collins: The Old Army Press, 1972.
Godfrey, Brigadier General E.S., "Some Reminiscences, Including an Account of General Sully's Expedition
Against the Southern Plains Indians, 1868," Cavalry Journal, XXXVI (July, 1927).
"Some Reminiscences, Including the Washita Battle, November 29, 1868," Cavalry Journal, XXXVII, 153 (October, 1928).
Grant, Ben O., "Life in Old Fort Griffin," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, X (October, 1934).
Greene, Robert Ewell, Black Defenders of America, 1775-1973. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Co., 1974.
The Early Life of Col. Charles Young 1864-1889. Washington D.C.: 1973.
Griffin, Louis George,III and John M. Carroll, Buffalo Soldiers West. Fort Collins, CO: Old Army Press, 1971.
Grinnell, George B., The Fighting Cheyennes. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Guthrie, Chaplain James M., Camp-Fires of the Afro-American or, The Colored Man as a Patriot. Philadelphia: Afro-American Pub. Co., 1899.
Haley, J. Evetts, "The Comanchero Trade," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII, 3 (January, 1935).
Fort Concho and the Texas Frontier. San Angelo, Texas: San Angelo Standard-Times, 1952.
Hamlin, William Lee, The True Story of Billy the Kid. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1959.
Hanson, Irvin W., 101 Frederic Remington Drawings of the Old West. Willmar: Color Press, 1968.
Hart, Herbert M., Old Forts of the Southwest. New York: Bonanza Books, 1964.
Hazen, General William B., "Some Corrections of Life on the Plains," Chronicles of Oklahoma, III, 4 (December, 1925).
Herr, John K., and Edward S. Wallace, The Story of the U.S. Cavalry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953.
Hewett, Jaxon, "The Bookish Black at Wild Horse Arroyo: How the Folsom Man Came to Light," New Mexico Magazine (Winter, 1977), 20-24.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, Army Life in a Black Regiment. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1960.
Hinton, Harwood P., Jr., "John Simpson Chisum, 1877-1884," New Mexico Historical Review, XXXI, 3, 4 (July, 1956).
Hodge, Larry D., "Fort McKavett Portrays Life on the Texas Frontier," Texas Highways, (February, 1991), 46-49.
Hollar, William Eugene, Frontier Violence: Another Look, New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Howe, Jerome W., "Campaigning In Mexico, 1916," Arizona Pioneers Historical Scoiety (1968).
Hyde, George E., A Sioux Chronicle. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
Hutcheson, Grote, "The Ninth Regiment of Cavalry," Journal of Military Service Institution of the United States, Vol XIII (1892), 215-224.
Hutton, Paul Andrew, ed., Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
Jackson, Jesse, A Social History of the Tenth Cavalry, 1931-1941. Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Cammond and General Staff College, 1975.
Jacobs, Captain Richard T., "Military Reminiscences of Captain Richard T. Jacobs," Chronicles of Olkahoma, II (March, 1924).
Jenness, George B., "The Battle on Beaver Creek," Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, IX (Topeka, 1906).
Johnson, Barry C., Flipper's Dismissal: The Ruin of Lt. Henry O. Flipper, U.S.A., First Colored Graduate of West Point. London: Privately printed, 1980. Johnson, Edward A., Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1899 (A School History of the). New York: Isaac Goldman Co., 1891.
Johnson, Harry, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Ninth Cavalry Regiment, July 1866-1867. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1991.
Johnson, Jesse J., ed., Black Armed Forces Officers, 1736-1971 (A Documented Pictorial History). Hampton, VA, 1971.
A Pictorial History of Black Soldiers (1619-1969) In Peace and War. Hampton, VA, 1970.
Katz, William Loren, The Black West. New York: Putnam, 1967.
Keefe, IV, Mark A.,"The Buffalo Soldier Rides Forever," American Rifleman, (October 1992).
Keim, De Benneville R., Sheridan's Troopers on the Borders: A Winter Campaign on the Plains. Philadelphia: D.
McKay, 1885.
Keleher, William A., Violence in Lincoln County. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1957.
Kelly, Tom, "Heroes of Plains Garner Yet Another Honor," The Washington Times, (Sept. 15, 1991).
King, James T., War Eagle: A Life of General Eugene A. Carr. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963.
Kleber, John E.,ed., The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1992.
Knapp, George E., "Buffalo Soldiers, 1866 Through 1890," Military Review (July, 1992), 65-71.
Laughlin, David, Buffalo Soldiers: An Illustrated 30 Year History of the 10th Regiment of the U.S. Cavalry.Tucson: #0000FF Horse Productions, 1991.
Leckie, William H., The Buffalo Soldiers, A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
The Military Conquest of the Southern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Leckie, William H. and Shirley A. Leckie, Unlikely Warriors: General Benjamin H. Grierson and His Family. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984.
Lee, Irwin, Negro Medal of Honor. New York: Dodd Mead, 1967.
Libby, O.B., ed., "The Arikara Narrative of the Campaign Against the Hostile Dakotas, June, 1876," North Dakota Historical Collection, VI (1920).
Litton, Gaston, History of Oklahoma. 4 vols. New York: Lesis Historical Publishing Co., Inc., 1957.
Lockwood, Frank E., The Apache Indians. New York: Macmillan Co., 1938.
Longacre, Edward G., "A Philadelphia Aristocrat with the 'Buffalo Soldiers'," Journal of the West, XVIII, 2 (1979), 79-84.
McChristian, Douglas C., "Grierson's Fight at Tinaja de las Palmas: An Episode in the Victoria Campaign," Red River Valley Historical Review, VII,1 (1982), 45-63.
McCracken, Harold, ed., Frederic Remington's Own West. New York: Dial Press, 1960.
McMiller, Anita Williams, Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Tenth Cavalry Regiment from September, 1866 to August, 1867. Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1990.
Mayhall, Mildred, The Kiowas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.
Merritt, Wesley, "Three Indian Campaigns," Harper's New Monthly Magazine (April, 1890).
Miller, Robert H., Reflections of a Black Cowboy, Book Two: The Buffalo Soldiers. Silver Burdett Press, 1991.
Miles, Donna, "They Ranged the Old West as Buffalo Soldiers," Soldiers (July, 1990).
Miles, General Nelson A., Personal Recollections of General Nelson A. Miles. Chicago: Werner Co., 1896.
Miles, Susan, "Fort Concho, In 1877," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXV (October, 1959).
Montgomery, Mrs. Frank C., "Fort Wallace and Its Relation to the Frontier," Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, XVII (Topeka, 1928).
Murray, Robert A., "The United States Army in the Aftermath of the Johnson County Invasion: April through November 1892," Annals of Wyoming, XXXVIII, 1 (April, 1966).
Myres, Sandra, ed.,Cavalry Wife, The Diary of Eveline M. Alexander, 1866-1867. College Station, Texas: Texas A.&M University Press, 1980.
Nalty, Bernard C., Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the Military. New York: Free Press, 1986.
Nalty, Bernard C., and Morris J. MacGregor. Blacks in the Military: Essential Documents. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1981.
Nolan, Frederick W., The Life and Death of John Henry Tunstall. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1965.
Nunn, Curtis, W., "Eighty-Six Hours Without Water On The Texas Plains," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, XLIII (January, 1940).
Nye, Wilbur S., ed., Carbine and Lance, The Story of Old Fort Sill. Revised and Enlarged Centennial Edition.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.
Ogle, Ralph, "Federal Control of the Western Apaches," New Mexico Historical Review, XIV, 4 (October, 1939); XV, 1 (January, 1940); XV, 2 (April, 1940); XV, 3 (July, 1940).
Opler, Morris E., and Catherine H., "Mescalero Apache History in the Southwest," New Mexico Historical Review, XXV, 1 (January, 1950).
Perry, Lieutenant Alex W., "The Ninth United States Cavalry In The Sioux Campaign of 1890," Journal of U.S. Cavalry Association, IV (1891), 37-40.
Phisterer, Frederick, Statistical Record of the Armies of the United States. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883.
Place, Marian T., Rifles and War Bonnets. New York: Ives Washburn Co., 1968.
Ploski, Harry A. and James Williams, eds., Reference Library of Black America. Volume III. Gale Research Inc. for Afro-American Press, 1990.
Porter, Kenneth Wiggins, The Negro on the American Frontier. New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1971.
"Negroes And Indians On The Texas Frontier," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LIII (October, 1949). Also Journal of Negro History, XLI, (July, 1956), 185-214 and LI, (Oct., 1956), 285-310.
"The Seminole Negro-Indian Scouts, 1870-1881," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LVI, 3 (January, 1952).
Pratt, Richard H., "Some Indian Experiences," Cavalry Journal, XVI (December, 1906).
Reddick, L.D., "The Negro Policy of the United States Army, 1775-1945," The Journal of Negro History, XXXIV, 1 (January, 1949).
Reeve, Frank D., ed., "Frederick E. Phelps: A Soldier's Memoirs," New Mexico Historical Review, XXV.
Remington, Frederic, Besieged By The Utes," Century Magazine (October, 1891).
"Oklahoma," Harper's Weekly (March 28, 1885).
"A Scout With the Buffalo Soldiers," Century Magazine (April, 1889). Note: reprinted in Pacific Historian, XII, 2 (1968), 25-39.
"Two Gallant Young Cavalrymen," Harper's Weekly (March 22, 1890).
"Vagabonding With The 10th Horse," Cosmospolitan, XXII, 4 (February, 1897).
Richardson, Rupert N. The Comanche Barrier to South Plains Settlement. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1933.
Rickey, Don, Jr., "An Indian Wars Combat Record," By Valor and By Arms, The Journal of American Military History, II,1 (Fall 1975).
Forty Miles a Day on Beans and Hay. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.
Rister, Carl C., "Colonel A.W. Evans' Christmas Day Indian Fight (1868)," Chronicles of Oklahoma, XVI (September, 1938).
"Fort Griffin," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, I (June, 1925).
Land Hunger: David L. Payne and the Oklahoma Boomers. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956.
The Southwestern Frontier, 1865-1881. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1928.
Rodenbough, Theodore F., The Tenth Regiment of Cavalry. New York: Maynard, Merill and Co., 1896.
Rodenbough, Theodore F., and William L. Haskin, eds., The Army of the United States. New York: Maynard, Merrill & Co.,1896.
Savage, W. Sherman, Blacks in The West. Westport: Greenwood, 1976.
"The Negro In The Westward Movement," Journal of Negro History, XXV (1940).
"The Role of Negro Soldiers In Protecting The Indian Frontier from Intruders," The Journal of Negro History, XXXVI, 1 (January, 1951).
Schoenberger, Dale T., "The Black Man in the American West," Negro History Bulletin, XXXII (March, 1869), 10.
Scobee, Barry, Old Fort Davis. San Antonio: Naylor Co., 1947.
Scott, Edward Van Zile, The Unwept; Black American Soldiers and the Spanish-American War. Montgomery, AL: The Black Belt Press, 1996
Scooler, Albert G., "Cavalry's Last Indian Fight," Armor (Sept.-Oct., 1970), 20-24.
Sheridan, Philip H. Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co., 1888.
Sherman, General W.T., Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman. 2 vols. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co., 1892.
Sonnichsen, C.L., The Mescalero Apaches. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958.
Tularosa: Last of the Frontier West. New York: Devin-Adair Co., 1960.
Spiller, Roger J., "Honoring the Buffalo Soldiers," American Heritage 44 (February-March 1992) 84-5.
Stallard, Patrica Y. Stallard, Glittering Misery: Dependents of the Indian Fighting Army. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.
Starr, Michelle, "Buffalo Soldier," Army 31 (January 1981) 41-43.
Steward, T.G., The Colored Regulars in the United States Army, Revolutionary War to 1899. Philadelphia: 1904.
Stubbs, Mary Lee, and Stanley Russell Connor, Armor-Cavalry, Part I: Regular Army and Army Reserve, Army Lineage Series. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History United States Army, 1984.
Sutton, Mary, "Glimpses of Fort Concho Through Military Telegraph," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXII (October, 1956).
Tate, Major James P., ed., The American Military on the Frontier, Preceedings of the 7th Military History
Symposium USAF Academy 1976. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Air Force Academy, 1978.
Taylor, Alfred A., "Medicine Lodge Peace Council," Chronicles of Olkahoma, II (March, 1924).
Temple, Frank M., "Colonel B.H. Grierson's Victorio Campaign," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXV (October, 1959).
"Federal Military Defense of the Trans-Pecos Region, 1850-1880," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXX (October, 1954).
"The Tenth U.S. Cavalry in Texas," Fort Concho Report, XVII (Winter 1985), 11-17.
Thompson, Erwin N., "The Negro Soldiers On The Frontier: A Fort Davis Case Study," Journal of the West, VII, 2 (April, 1968).
Thompson, Major W.A., "Scouting With Mackenzie," Cavalry Journal, X (December, 1897).
Toulouse, Joseph H. and James R., Pioneer Posts of Texas. San Antonio: Naylor Co., 1936.
Troxel, Captain O.C., "The Tenth Cavalry in Mexico," U.S. Cavalry Journal (October, 1916).
Unit Members, Historical and Pictorial Review, 9th Cavalry Regiment, Second Cavalry Division of the United States Army. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Army and Navy Publishing Co., 1941.
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United States Army Cavalry, 10th Squadron, 1st, Unit History, 1st Squadron 10th Cavalry: Buffalo Soldiers.
United States: 1st Squadron 10th Cavalry, 1970.
University of Texas at San Antonio Institute of Texas Cultures (The), "The Afro-American Texans." Pamphlet series, "The Texians and Texans." 1975.
Urwin, Gregory J.W., "Policing the Plains 1865-1890" Chap. 7 in The United States: An Illustrated History. Poole, Endgand: Blandfort, 1983, 134.
Utley, Robert M., "Fort Davis National Historic Site," Historical Handbook 38, U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.:1965.
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The Last Days of the Sioux Nation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
Wakin, Edward, Black Fighting Men in U.S. History. New York: Lothrop, Lee and Shepard Co., 1971.
Waller, Reuben, "History of a Slave Written by Himself at the Age of 89 Years," The Beecher Island Battle Memorial Association Annual (1961).
Wallace, Andrew, The Image of Arizona. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971.
Wallace, Edward S., "General John Lapham Bullis, Thunderbold of Texas Frontier," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LV, 1 (July, 1951).
Walton, George, Sentinel of the Plains: Fort Leavenworth and the American West. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1973.
Webb, Walter P., The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1935.
Wellman, Paul I., Death on Horseback. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1934.
Welty, Raymond L. "The Daily Life of the Frontier Soldier," Cavalry Journal, XXVI(1927, 367-81.
Wharfield, Colonel H.B., "The Affair At Carrizal," Montana, The Magazine of Western History, XVIII, 4 (Autumn, 1968). 10th Cavalry and Border Fights. El Cajon, California: 1965.
Wharton, Harold, With Scouts and Cavalry at Fort Apache. Tucson: Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, 1965.
Whisenhunt, Donald W., "Fort Richardson," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook, XXXIX (October, 1963).
Whitman, S.E., The Troopers. New York: Hastings House, Publishers, 1962.
Author Unknown, "Publishing a Newspaper in a 'Boomer' Camp," Chronicles of Oklahoma, V, 4 (December, 1927).
Author Unknown, "Tribute to Captain Payne," Chronicles of Oklahoma, VIII, 1 (March, 1930).
Author Unknown, "Practice Maneuvers in Arizona," Harper's Weekly (December 22, 1888).
Author Unknown, "Our Soldiers In The Southwest," Harper's Weekly (August 21, 1886).
Author Unknown, "List of Actions, etc., With Indians and Other Marauders, Participated In By The Tenth U.S. Cavalry, Chronologically Arranged - 1867-1897," Journal of the U.S. Cavalry (December, 1897).
Author Unknown, "A Negro Trooper of the Ninth Cavalry," Frontier Times, IV, 9-11.
Author Unknown, "The Colored Troops," Army Navy Journal, III, 32 (February 1866).
Author Unknown, "Black and White," Army Navy Journal, III, 34,36 (April 1866).Special Sources
Benteen, Captain F.W., Letter exchanged between him and Theo Goldin of the 7th Cavalry, October 20, 1891, Gilcrease Institute of Western Art and History, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
#0000FF Horse Productions, "The Black Soldiers of West Texas: A History of the Buffalo Soldiers," videocassette, 12 min., 1/2 in., Tucson, AZ, 1987.
"The Buffalo Soldier," American Scene (Quarterly of the Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art). Illustrated by Paul A. Rossi, text by Donnie D. Good. 1400 Gilcrease Museum Rd., Tulsa, OK 74127.
Carroll, John M., "Bullets, Black Men and Bravery," unpublished manuscript, 1968.
"Lieutenant Henry Ossian Flipper," unpublished manuscript, 1968.
Cole, George D., "Brush Fire War, 1916 Style," unpublished Master's thesis, Louisana State University, 1962.Davidson, Major General Michael S., Address to 101st Anniversary Convention of the 9th & 10th Cavalry Regimental Association, 28 July, 1967.
Fain, Samuel S., "The Pershing Punitive Expedition and Its Diplomatic Battleground," unpublished Master's thesis, University of Arizona, 1951.
Hutcheson, Grote, "A Register of the Commissioned Officers Belonging to the Ninth U.S. Cavalry, From its Organization, July 28, 1866, to July 28, 1893..." Fort Robinson: 1893.
Johnson, Harry, "Buffalo Soldiers, The Formation of the Ninth Cavalry Regiment: July 1866-March 1867," unpublished Master's thesis, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1991.
Kubela, Marguerite E., "History of Fort Concho, Texas," unpublished Master's thesis, University of Texas, 1936."Lest We Forget...," Program. Buffalo Soldier Mounment Dedication. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, July 25, 1992.
Lewis, Francis E., "Negro Army Regulars in the Spanish-American War: Smoked Yankees at Santiago de Cuba,"
Masters thesis, University of Texas, Austin, 1969.
McMiller, Anita LWilliams, "Buffalo Soldiers: The Formation of the Tenth Cavalry Regiment From September 1866 to August 1867," unpublished Master's thesis, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1990.
Montague, Nathanial, "Buddah Sunday Series Presents the Buffalo Soldiers," recording, sound disc, 33 1/3 rpm, stereo, 12 in., Buddah Records, 1960.
National Black Programming Consortium, Inc., "Buffalo Soldiers," Program 3 of "The Black Frontier." videocassette and 1/2 in., 58 min., 46 sec. Shown on PBS.
Potter, Edwin, "A Narrative of Buffalo Soldiers," container title: "This is Zambia," microfilm, 35 mm. New York Public Library, New York, 1989.
Rickey, Don, Jr., "The Negro Regulars: A Combat Record, 1866-1891." Unpublished paper delivered at the Western History Association meeting at Helena, Montana, October, 1965.
Roster of non-commissioned offiers of the Tenth U.S. Cavalry, with some regimental reminiscences, appendixes, etc., connected with the early history of the regiment. St. Paul: William Kennedy Printing Company, 1897. Also, Bryan, Texas: J.M. Carroll & Co., 1983.
10th Cavalry and Border Fights. Privately printed. Col. H. B. Warfield, USAF, Ret., 1111 Vista Grande Road, El Cajon, CA 92020.
Thompson, Erwin N., "The Negro Regiments of the U.S. Army 1866-1900," unpublished Master's thesis, University of California, 1966.
"Private Bentley's Buzzard," unpublished manuscript, Fort Davis National Historic Site, Texas, April 2, 1965.
Troxel, O.C. et al., eds., "Narrative of Service of the Tenth U.S. Cavalry in the Punitive Expedition," a pamphlet published by the Acme Printing Company, Tucson, Arizona, 1921.
University Educational TV Station: Great Plains National Instructional Television Library, "Buffalo Soldiers," The Black Frontier series, Film reel, 60 min., 16 mm, Lincoln, NB, 1900.
Young, Brian A., "The History of the Blacks in New Mexico from the Sixteenth through the Nineteenth Century during the Pioneer Period," unpublished Master's thesis, University of New Mexico, 1969.
Author Unknown, "Rattlesnake Springs," unpublished manuscript, Fort Davis National Historic Site, Texas, March, 1964.
Archival Materials
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Records of the War Department, Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94Selected Letters Received Relating to the Ninth and Tenth Regiments, United States Cavalry.Organizational Returns, Tenth Cavalry, 1866-88.Organizational Returns, Ninth Cavalry, 1866-93.Organizational Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between 1861 and 1900. (T289, R706, R707)Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914, Files 1859-1870.Letters Received, Selected Documents Relating to the Activities of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry in the Campaign Against Victorio, 1879-80. File No. 6058-1879.Records of United States Army Command, Record Group 98Selected Letters Received Relating to the Tenth United States Cavalry, 1873-76.Tenth United States Cavalry, Historical Sketch, 1866-92, Major John Bigelow, Jr.Letters Sent, Tenth United States Cavalry, 1866-83.Illinois State Historical Society, Springfield, IllinoisThe Papers of Benjamin H. GriersonTexas Technological University, Lubbock, Texas, Southwest CollectionBenjamin H. Grierson Papers, 1827-1941.Grierson, Benjamin. Letters and Documents, Edward Ayer Collection. MS343. Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois. Two rolls, microcopy deposited at Texas Technological University.Fort Davis Nationa Historic Site, Fort Davis, TexasBenjamin H. Grierson Papers.Grierson, Robert K. Journal Kept on the Victorio Campaign in 1880. Fort Davis National Historic Site, Fort Davis, Texas. Prepared by Barbara DietrichDirector of EducationKentucky Horse Park, 1993Updated: January, 1997